The methods and techniques used to convert plastics materials in the form of pellets, granules, powders, sheets, fluids, or preforms into formed shapes or parts. Although the term plastics has been used loosely as a synonym for polymers and resins, plastics generally represent polymeric compounds that are formulated with plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, and other additives for purposes of processability and performance. After forming, the part may be subjected to a variety of ancillary operations such as welding, adhesive bonding, machining, or surface decorating (painting, metallizing).