The complex of navigational techniques modified from those used in other areas to suit the distinctive regional character of polar areas. Although polar navigation has become routine to a rising number of navigators operating in and through such high-latitude parts of the word, their success continues to be based on a sound grasp of the regional differences and the developing adaptations of navigational principles and aids to suit these peculiar area needs. This article therefore singles out salient physical differences, from those of other areas, which demand navigational modifications and relates them to the best-known special techniques and applications.