- 行业: Printing & publishing
- Number of terms: 178089
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- Company Profile:
McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, publishing, and business services.
A discipline that combines the means to know the location and heading of an aircraft with respect to some map or coordinate system, with guidance which means steering the aircraft along some desired path toward a destination. The construction of the desired path is done with respect to the same a map or coordinate system used for location. In civil aviation, the coordinate system that is becoming a de facto standard is the World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS-84). This is largely due to the fact that positioning in the Global Positioning System (GPS) is based on this mapping and coordinate system.
Industry:Science
A discipline that deals generally with the extraction of information from acoustic signals in the presence of noise and uncertainty. Acoustic signal processing has expanded from the improvement of music and speech sounds and a tool to search for oil and submarines to include medical instrumentation; techniques for efficient transmission, storage, and presentation of music and speech; and machine speech recognition. Undersea processing has expanded to studying underwater weather and long-term global ocean temperature changes, mammal tracking at long ranges, and monitoring of hot vents. These techniques stem from the rapid advances in computer science, especially the development of large, inexpensive memories and ever-increasing processing speeds.
Industry:Science
A discipline that deals with the origins and mechanisms of diseases at their most fundamental level, that of macromolecules such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and protein, in order to provide precise diagnoses and discover possible avenues for treatment. It is interdisciplinary, including infectious disease, oncology, inherited genetic disease, and legal issues such as parentage determination or forensic identity testing. While a variety of biophysical and biochemical techniques can be applied to study the molecular basis of disease, antibodies and nucleic acid probes are two of the principal approaches.
Industry:Science
A discipline that deals with the technological aspects of buildings, including the properties and behavior of building materials and components, foundation design, structural analysis and design, environmental system analysis and design, construction management, and building operation. Environmental systems, which may account for 45–70% of a building's cost, include heating, ventilating and air conditioning, illumination, building power systems, plumbing and piping, storm drainage, building communications, acoustics, vertical and horizontal transportation, fire protection, alternate energy sources, heat recovery, and energy conservation. In addition, to help protect the public from unnecessary risk, architectural engineers must be familiar with the various building codes, plumbing, electrical and mechanical codes, and the Life Safety Code. The latter code is similar to a building code and is designed to require planning and construction techniques in buildings which will minimize possible hazards to the occupants.
Industry:Science
A discipline that merges the subject matter of psychology, which studies cognition, emotion, and behavior, and pharmacology, which characterizes different drugs. Thus, psychopharmacology focuses on characterizing drugs that affect thinking, feeling, and action. In addition to this general concern, psychopharmacology places particular emphasis on those drugs that affect abnormalities in thought, affect, and behavior, and thus has a relationship to psychiatry.
Industry:Science
A discipline within the field of animal behavior that focuses upon the reception and use of signals. Animal communication could well include all of animal behavior, since a liberal definition of the term signal could include all stimuli perceived by an animal. However, most research in animal communication deals only with those cases in which a signal, defined as a structured stimulus generated by one member of a species, is subsequently used by and influences the behavior of another member of the same species in a predictable way (intraspecific communication). In this context, communication occurs in virtually all animal species, if only as a means by which a member of one sex finds its partner.
Industry:Science
A discontinuous spectrum characteristic of excited atoms, ions, and certain molecules in the gaseous phase at low pressures, to be distinguished from band spectra, emitted by most free molecules, and continuous spectra, emitted by matter in the solid, liquid, and sometimes gaseous phase. If an electric arc or spark between metallic electrodes, or an electric discharge through a low-pressure gas, is viewed through a spectroscope, images of the spectroscope slit are seen in the characteristic colors emitted by the atoms or ions present.
Industry:Science
A disease caused by members of the protozoan genus <i>Plasmodium</i>, a widespread group of sporozoans that parasitize the human liver and red blood cells. Four species can infect humans: <i>P. vivax</i>, causing vivax or benign tertian malaria; <i>P. ovale,</i> a very similar form found chiefly in central Africa that causes ovale malaria; <i>P. malariae,</i> which causes malariae or quartan malaria; and <i>P. falciparum,</i> the highly pathogenic causative organism of falciparum or malignant tertian malaria. Malaria is characterized by periodic chills, fever, and sweats, often leading to severe anemia, an enlarged spleen, and other complications that may result in loss of life, especially among infants whose deaths are almost always attributed to falciparum malaria. The infective agents are inoculated into the human bloodstream by the bite of an infected female <i>Anopheles</i> mosquito, more than 60 species of which can carry the infection to humans. The disease is found in all tropical and some temperate regions, but it has been eradicated in North America, Europe, and Russia. Despite control efforts, malaria has probably been the greatest single killer disease throughout human history and continues to be a major infectious disease. An estimated 1 million children die of malaria in Africa each year, and estimates of the world's malaria death toll vary from 1.5 to 2 million cases annually.
Industry:Science
A disease caused by the protozoan parasite <i>Giardia lamblia</i>, characterized by chronic diarrhea that usually lasts 1 or more weeks. The diarrhea may be accompanied by one or more of the following: abdominal cramps, bloating, flatulence, fatigue, or weight loss. The stools are malodorous and have a pale greasy appearance. Infection without symptoms is also common. As with most other protozoa inhabiting the intestinal tract, the life cycle of <i>Giardia</i> involves two stages: trophozoite and cyst. Trophozoites stay in the upper small-intestinal tract, where they actively feed and reproduce. When the trophozoites pass down the bowel, they change into the inactive cyst stage by rounding up and developing a thick exterior wall, which protects the parasite after it is passed in the feces. People become infected either directly by hand-to-mouth transfer of cysts from feces of an infected individual or indirectly by drinking feces-contaminated water. After the cyst is swallowed, the trophozoite is liberated through the action of digestive enzymes and stomach acids, and becomes established in the small intestine.
Industry:Science
A disease characterized by a progressive and abnormal accumulation of white blood cells, or leukocytes. Leukemic cells are malignant because they have three characteristics common to all cancers: (1) they exhibit uncontrolled growth that is frequently associated with an inability to mature normally; (2) they arise from a single precursor cell; and (3) they disregard anatomic boundaries and metastasize to organs or tissues where leukocytes are not normally found. The expanding clone of leukemic cells infiltrates organs and tissues, particularly the bloodstream and bone marrow, where they disrupt the production of normal cells. The resulting symptoms include fatigue, pallor, infections, bruising and bleeding, and discomfort caused by enlarged organs. In humans, the term leukemia encompasses more than 20 distinct malignancies.
Industry:Science
