- 行业: Printing & publishing
- Number of terms: 178089
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, publishing, and business services.
Any of the seven species that belong to the family Hominidae (comprising humans and their closest relatives). These species are not attributable to the genus <i>Homo</i>, but belong to at least three genera that existed between about 4.4 million years ago (Ma) and 1.2 Ma during the Pliocene and early Pleistocene epochs. All seven species are known only from Africa. Although some workers regard all of them as belonging to one genus, <i>Australopithecus</i>, it is clear that a second genus, <i>Ardipithecus</i>, should be recognized for the earliest known hominid fossils, and that the three “robust” species belong to a third genus, <i>Paranthropus</i>.
Industry:Science
Humans throughout history have created environments conducive to the natural production of chemicals by organisms, or have produced chemicals to achieve the various marvels that shape the world. Beginning with the earliest production of alcohol by fermentation of grape juice, all the way to the formation of complex industrial polymers that surround us today, chemicals have been exploited to make various processes possible, easier, or more enjoyable. Household and industrial cleaners, pesticides, herbicides, cosmetics, dyes, paints, fuel additives, lubricants, plastics, and many other chemical entities have molded a world unrecognizable without them.
Industry:Science
Bioluminescence, which is the ability of an organism to emit visible light, is a common attribute of marine creatures. The phenomenon is relatively rare on land, where fireflies are the best-known example. In the oceans it is ubiquitous, and is found at all depths. The most common sources in the marine environment are bacteria, dinoflagellates, jellyfish, crustaceans, cephalopods, and fish. Among cephalopods, which include squids, cuttlefish, and octopods, the expression of bioluminescence is extremely diverse. Out of 100 genera of squids and cuttlefish, 63 have been found to include bioluminescent species, but in octopods only 3 out of 43 genera do.
Industry:Science
Body dysmorphic disorder, first described in the medical literature more than a century ago, is a psychiatric illness worldwide. The <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), defines body dysmorphic disorder as a preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance; if a slight physical anomaly is present, the person's concern is markedly excessive. The preoccupation must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. In addition, the appearance concerns are not better accounted for by another psychiatric illness, such as anorexia nervosa.
Industry:Science
Geological maps provide a summary of the distribution, character, age, and geological history of the rocks that underlie all land areas. As interpretive documents rather than simply presentations of data, they are essential tools for mineral and energy resource exploration, land-use planning and urban development, and assessing geological hazards such as landslides and earthquakes. Geological maps are an important information resource in modern society. Accordingly, their creation and interpretation are fundamental components of geoscience education programs worldwide, and numerous textbooks are available that provide introductions to these activities.
Industry:Science
Any device that measures a time interval. The term is usually restricted to measurements that have a small percentage error. Early time measurements used the human pulse rate or counted the number of swings of a pendulum for small time intervals. Astronomers used a regulated rotating drum to measure the time intervals of short changes in objects in the sky. Physicists did the same in the laboratory. The term chronograph seems to have stuck even when the device is digital rather than a graph. The term chronometer is often used interchangeably with chronograph, although again the result may be an electronically produced number rather than a meter reading.
Industry:Science
Disorders of metabolism principally involve an imbalance in nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, or carbohydrates. They are usually associated with either a deficiency or excess resulting in an imbalance in a particular metabolic pathway. All metabolic disorders have a genetic background, and some of them are expressed as specific genetic diseases. Metabolic processes throughout life are strongly influenced by the genetic component of aging, by diet, and by various types of environmental injury, including infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites), physical agents such as radiation and temperature, and chemical agents in the environment.
Industry:Science
Eating disorders are characterized by abnormal eating behaviors and beliefs about eating, weight, and body shape. The two formal diagnoses are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. In addition, there are many cases of abnormal eating that have only some of the features required for an eating disorder diagnosis; these cases are classified as eating disorders not otherwise specified. Another eating disorder diagnosis has been proposed, termed binge eating disorder. Obesity is classified as a general medical condition and not as an eating disorder (a psychiatric condition) because it is not consistently associated with psychological or behavioral problems.
Industry:Science
Analysis of the genome of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (brewer's and baker's yeast) has provided an opportunity for developing new tools for the functional analysis of eukaryotic genomes. One of the most powerful approaches is the generation of specific deletion mutants. Phenotypic analysis of the mutant strain may well reveal the function of the missing protein. To date, classic processes for systematic disruption require several steps: cloning of the gene into a plasmid, construction of a restriction map, and replacement or elimination of the coding region of the gene. The procedure is time-consuming and has not been carried out in a systematic way.
Industry:Science
Any form of apparatus, having a rotating member, which generates, converts, transforms, or modifies electric power. Essentially all of the world's electric power is produced by rotating electrical generators, and about 70% of this energy is consumed in driving electric motors. Therefore, in a large sense, modern technology is built on the foundation of electric machinery. Electric machines are electromechanical energy converters; generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. The basic laws of physics on which electric machinery is based were developed in the late nineteenth century.
Industry:Science
