- 行业: Printing & publishing
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McGraw Hill Financial, Inc. is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, publishing, and business services.
The large body of seawater separating the continents of North and South America in the west from Europe and Africa in the east and extending south from the Arctic Ocean to the continent of Antarctica. The Atlantic is the second-largest ocean water body, and in area it covers nearly one-fifth of the Earth's surface. It receives the fresh-water runoff from a continental drainage area approximately four times larger than that draining into either the Pacific or Indian oceans. The two major divisions, North and South Atlantic oceans, have the Equator as the common boundary. The North Atlantic, because of projecting land areas and island arcs, has numerous subdivisions. These include three large mediterranean-type seas, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico plus Caribbean Sea, and the Arctic Ocean; two small mediterranean-type seas, the Baltic Sea and Hudson Bay; and four marginal seas, the North Sea, English Channel, Irish Sea, and Gulf of St. Lawrence.
Industry:Science
Terrorism is as old as history, but the twenty-first century has brought a new form of terrorism. Terrorists now have access to technical skills that multiply their ability to wreak havoc far beyond the efforts of those in the past. However, the democracies that are most vulnerable to terrorist attack also have much greater technical resources with which to make the terrorist's task more difficult and less damaging. To understand how technical knowledge might be used to counter terrorism, one must evaluate the nature of the threat, the vulnerability of targets in civil society, and the availability of technical solutions to reduce these vulnerabilities.
Industry:Science
The discipline in which disease processes are assessed and monitored by the examination of blood, body fluids, secretions, and aspirated specimens. The detection of chemical, morphological, microbiological, and immunological abnormalities in this material is reported as laboratory results. In contrast, anatomical pathology is that branch of pathology dealing with the nature of a disease process through studying the gross and microscopic features of tissues and fluids removed either at postmortem examination (autopsy) or during surgery. However, divisions between anatomical and clinical pathology are somewhat artificial and largely embedded in how pathology evolved in academic practice. Information derived from autopsy examinations, surgical specimens, or clinical laboratory testing provides physicians with the means to confirm a final diagnosis and to evaluate nonsurgical conditions. Such information is used by physicians in diagnosis and in therapy management.
Industry:Science
The engineering science concerned with the relation between the forces acting on fluids (liquids and gases) and their motions, and with the forces caused by fluids on their surroundings. A fluid subjected to unbalanced forces or stresses continues in motion as long as unbalanced forces are applied. For example, in the pouring of water from a pitcher the water velocity is very high over the lip, moderately high approaching the lip, and very low near the bottom of the pitcher. The unbalanced force is gravity, that is, the weight of the tilted water particles near the surface. The flow continues as long as water is available and the pitcher remains tilted.
Industry:Science
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Servicing Mission 3B is currently the best example of NASA's ability to maintain, repair, and improve satellites in orbit. Actually, the genesis of this mission occurred more than 30 years ago. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, during the early development phase of the space shuttle, NASA was experiencing a 20–30% failure rate of its satellites due to either launch vehicle or satellite problems. Designers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center realized that a modular spacecraft could be repaired or serviced in orbit by spacewalking astronauts, so they developed an astronaut-friendly modular spacecraft concept that could be serviced by an extravehicular-activity (EVA) crew from the space shuttle. This concept featured ease of integration and testing during ground processing, and it proved to be less expensive and more reliable than competing “throwaway” concepts, in which equipment in space is discarded when it is no longer operable.
Industry:Science
The ability of an organism to resist the action of an inhibitory molecule or compound. Examples of drug resistance include disease-causing bacteria evading the activity of antibiotics, the human immunodeficiency virus resisting antiviral agents, and human cancer cells replicating despite the presence of chemotherapy agents. There are many ways in which cells or organisms become resistant to drugs, and some organisms have developed many resistance mechanisms, each specific to a different drug. Drug resistance is best understood as it applies to bacteria, and the increasing resistance of many common disease-causing bacteria to antibiotics is a global crisis.
Industry:Science
The edible fruit of <i>Cucumis melo</i>, belonging to the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae, as do other vine crops such as cucumber, watermelons, pumpkin, and squash. The muskmelon appears to be indigenous to Africa. There are secondary centers of origin in India, Persia, southern Russia, and China. The muskmelon was a latecomer to the list of domesticated crops. It then exploded into numerous cultivars which were rapidly dispersed throughout Europe and, at an early date, into the Americas. American cultivars encompass the netted, salmon-fleshed cantaloupes; the smooth-skinned, green-fleshed Honey Dew; the green-skinned, bright-orange-fleshed Persian; the delicate-flavored, light-salmon-fleshed Crenshaw; and the wrinkle-skinned, white-fleshed Golden Beauty casaba. Other forms with very different plant and fruit characteristics are used in the Orient for pickling and in India for cooking. All these melons differ only in varietal characters and all intercross freely.
Industry:Science
The branch of ecology that focuses on the evolutionary causes of variation in behavior among populations and species. Thus it is concerned with the adaptiveness of behavior, the ultimate questions of why animals behave as they do, rather than the proximate questions of how they behave. The principles of natural selection are applied to behavior with the underlying assumption that, within the constraints of their evolutionary histories, animals behave optimally by maximizing their genetic contribution to future generations. Several aspects of both individual and social behavior have been analyzed from this perspective as the following examples illustrate.
Industry:Science
The highest electronic energy band in a semiconductor or insulator which can be filled with electrons. The electrons in the valence band correspond to the valence electrons of the constituent atoms. In a semiconductor or insulator, at sufficiently low temperatures, the valence band is completely filled, and the conduction band is empty of electrons. Some of the high energy levels in the valence band may become vacant as a result of thermal excitation of electrons to higher energy bands or as a result of the presence of impurities. When some electrons are missing, the remaining ones may be redistributed among the energy levels within the valence band under an applied electric field, giving rise to an electric current. The net effect of the valence band is then equivalent to that of a few particles which are equal in number and similar in motion to the missing electrons but each of which carries a positive electronic charge. These “particles” are referred to as holes.
Industry:Science
The complex of navigational techniques modified from those used in other areas to suit the distinctive regional character of polar areas. Although polar navigation has become routine to a rising number of navigators operating in and through such high-latitude parts of the word, their success continues to be based on a sound grasp of the regional differences and the developing adaptations of navigational principles and aids to suit these peculiar area needs. This article therefore singles out salient physical differences, from those of other areas, which demand navigational modifications and relates them to the best-known special techniques and applications.
Industry:Science
